If you have an older home with a fireplace, the chimney may be lined with asbestos. Asbestos was commonly used to make chimneys because it's strong and nonflammable, which reduces the risk of a fire starting if a stray ember is sent up the chimney.
Unfortunately, asbestos in your home poses a health risk if you inhale the fibers. Your body can't break down asbestos, so it sits in your lungs and increases your risk of developing cancer.